January 2026
We all know that a series of twelve months is a year; however, 2025 rushed by at speed and it seems strange to be dating a new webpage with 2026. 2025 saw many global economies evolve in their varying directions, with a few global leaders putting the proverbial ‘cat amongst the pigeons’ on occasion creating much volatility in some markets, with subsequent further change and reaction. The speed of change has – well, sped up, and that for me is the takeaway from the last year, and looking forward, no doubt the theme of the period ahead. The general acceptance of market volatility seems to have come of age, and understanding your own tolerance to investment risk might be worth revisiting if needed.
The effects of the Budget announcements from the end of November are now known and this allows many to plan ahead as we all face a higher tax regime over the coming years. The Spring Statement date has been announced for 03 March 2026.
There is much to consider globally, not least with the recent events in the Middle East. As observations, some global areas (America / Germany / Japan as examples) are deliberately ‘running hot’ on their economies which in turn is fuelling some equity markets and we do not expect these positions to change in the near term although, as noted above, there are no guarantees. Russia and Ukraine are still firmly in the news having reached well into the third year of hostilities, and with what appears to be the stalling of negotiations to bring the conflict to an end. Increased spending on (national and collective) defence has been agreed over the next years, and it almost has a feel of returning to the ‘cold war’ of decades ago.
Changing of debt parameters
The objective of the now not so new Chancellor is to effectively redefine the way the UK's debt rules work going forward. The planned effect is to allow the Chancellor to borrow more money for the next five years. We are talking about up to £50bn extra to help pay for the planned spending ahead, such as infrastructure spending. The risk is that interest rates remain higher than expected, costing us more over time. Subsequently, borrowing costs have elevated further and have not deviated downwards, putting more cost and pressure on the UK's already squeezed budgets.
More can be found on our late 2024 blog here: 30-october-2024-budget-the-headline-changes
Economic data from home and abroad
Mid-January 2026 saw the Office for National Statistics (ONS) confirm that the Consumer Prices Index (CPI) increased to 3.4% (from a fall to 3.2%) in the year to December 2025. This increase from November was mainly due to higher food prices (bread & cereal), along with increases in tobacco and airfare costs, amongst other items. The Bank of England target for UK inflation remains unchanged at 2.0%, and inflation is remaining above this level.
As a note, US inflation has increased slightly - consumer prices (before seasonal adjustment) increased to 2.7% over the 12 months to December 2025. However, the continued and new applications of tariffs have seen some predict that US inflation will rise again.
The Bank of England cut its base interest rate to 3.75% in December 2025, the lowest level since early 2023. In the final rate decision of 2025, the US Federal Reserve reduced the base rate to a range of 3.50-3.75% in December 2025, the lowest for three years. The Federal Reserve has indicated that this position may be held for a while looking forward.
It should be noted that higher interest rates are good news for savers, and some savings accounts are offering 4.0% - 4.25% pa gross plus. Look out for the AER rate pa (Annual Equivalent Rate) which show the real rate of interest being provided. Of course, higher interest rates are not so good for variable rate borrowers, and the days of cheap borrowing for individuals and nations are over, certainly in the shorter term.
As you might anticipate, many financial thoughts will be UK focused; however, the world is now a small place and many of these economic factors are occurring globally, as we enter a new era of higher costs, inflation, interest rates and the like. Increasing numbers of global conflicts remain constant at this time, along with new threats of US tariffs.
We have looked at some of these points below.
GBP / US dollar
Many readers will know that exchange rates can vary for many economic reasons. For some, it may only become apparent when purchasing foreign currency for a holiday or visit abroad. The current indicated exchange rate is $1.34 at the time of writing (21 January 2026), still an elevated rate in recent times.
UK Net Public Sector Gross Domestic Debt v GDP
It is noteworthy that net public sector debt has consistently run for some time at approximately 94%-100% of UK monthly GDP (gross domestic product) (source: Office for National Statistics / ONS). The December 2025 figure has continued in a similar way with the statistics showing the provisional estimate as 95.5% and remains at levels last seen in the early 1960s. Some will not want to see this level (and its associated interest costs) rise.
The ONS notes that GDP growth in the UK to September 2025 for the prior three months was 0.1%, with GDP growth in the prior quarter being stronger (0.3% in the second quarter). Many global trading areas saw their short-term growth forecasts reduced by the OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) in early June for 2025 and 2026 because of the recent tariff / trade wars.
Markets factor in most things
Turning to the recent market position, many individuals may refer to the value of their pension or ISA arrangements as a reference point to how markets are moving. We all know that the value of funds can fall as well as rise, and we have seen some volatility this year, although alongside positive returns from some global equity markets. Volatility is not uncommon, and this can be triggered by global economic events, or their continued effects.
The key point here is that if we think something is happening (such as the ongoing cost-of-living issues and rising tax costs), the markets have usually factored in the effects. Looking at the markets on 07 January 2026, in comparison to a year ago, we find the following (approximate) for a range of market indices:
Market values can fall as well as rise and this is only a snapshot in time. As you can see, and as anticipated, some markets in this snapshot have performed better than others, although this is not a guarantee of future performance.
The tax year 2025/2026 is moving on and there is much to consider
We hope that you have a great start to 2026, and with only around three months to the end of the tax year, using allowances where appropriate and affordable may well be worth considering.
Keith Churchouse FPFS
Director
CFP Chartered FCSI
Chartered Financial Planner
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